AN ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT RESPONSE SPEECH EVENT BETWEEN DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ACT IN CONVERSATION

I.       INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background of  the study

Language is important as a media of communication for human being individual who   live in certain community. Without language people cannot interact and share the idea with other people. Language is used to show our feeling, thinking and willing, besides language as a means of communication exist in the culture of society.

“Language is meaningful, the reason the linguist, or anyone else, is interested in studying language is that the sounds produced in speech are connected with almost every fact of human life and communication. There is a relation between the kinds of sounds speaker of various languages make and the culture setting” (Dinncen, 1978: 11).

Discourse Analysis A discourse is behavioral unit. It is a set of utterances which constitute a recognizable speech event e.g. a conversation, a joke, a sermon, an interview etc. Discourse Analysis is a process in which the reader and listener’s mind is working up on the linguistic features of the utterance to grasp the intended meaning of the writer or speaker.

Speech act is one of part discourse analysis. Speech act is a technical term in linguistics and the philosophy of language. The extension of speech acts is commonly taken to include such acts as promising, ordering, greeting, warning, inviting someone and congratulating. In the course of performing speech acts we ordinarily communicate with each other. The content of communication may be identical, or almost identical, with the content intended to be communicated, as when a stranger asks, "Who are you?" The answerer said, ’is not your business!’ it means that she or he do not care with a stranger.

The writers choose speech act as the object of study on discourse analysis because by conducting this study the writers get the point such as:

1)      The readers will understand the using of language not only directly but also

2)      indirectly.

3)      Improve science of linguistics to know the various example of speech act.

The important of this research is we will understand about indirect speech act in conversation.

1.2 Statement of Problem

From the background of study above, the writer formulated the questions as follow:

·         What is the different between direct speech act and indirect speech act in conversation?

1.3  Purpose of study

Purpose of study is formulated to answer the research question. The purposes of study as follow:

·         To know the different between direct speech act and indirect speech act in conversation?

1.4  Significance of the study

     The writers want to get point about the different between direct speech act and indirect speech act in conversation. The writer believes that this study will be improving science of linguistics to know the various example of speech act. The last, the readers will understand the using of language not only direct act but also indirect act.

2.3  Scope and limitation

This study will be focused with the conversation from speech act in promising, ordering, greeting, warning, inviting someone and congratulating. In this case, the writer will focuses about indirect speech act in request by  saying, speech act to reject and introduces the notions illocutionary acts

2.4  Definition of key term

To avoid misunderstanding and to make clearer terms used in this study, some definitions of key terms used in this study are given below:

1.      Language

‘Language’ is the system of sounds and words used by humans to express their thoughts and feelings (oxford advanced learner’s dictionary of current English, 1974).

2.      speech act

Speech is the form of a language used in part of a country that has the power or action of speaking or formal talk given to an audience. (Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary of current English, 1974). In this study, the writer will focused at the indirect speech in conversation.

II. FINDINGS

The findings of this research and the discussion of the result based on the data collected by conversation the native speaker and the speaker of American. In our observation, we take some examples of sentence in daily conversation. He is Machella as the native speaker.

Conversation:

The following is the list of words used by the speaker and the meaning of the word”

NO	Native speaker “Marchella”	Speakers “Peter”	Response
1.	“Peter ...!"	“Yes..!” (direct speech) “Me ...!" (indirect speech)	Request Peter to do the dishes by just saying,
2	"Would you like to meet me for coffee?"	“I wouldn’t” (direct speech) "I have class." (indirect speech)	speech act to reject
3	"We should leave for the show or else we’ll be late."	“I will be late because I am not ready yet” (direct speech) "I am not ready yet." (indirect speech)	introduces the notions illocutionary acts

III. DISCUSSION

1.  Request Peter to do the dishes by just saying,

Marcella    : “Peter ...!"

Peter          :  “Me!”

One common way of performing speech acts is to use an expression which indicates one speech act, and indeed performs this act, but also performs a further speech act, which is indirect. One may, for instance, say, "Peter, can you open the window?", thereby asking Peter whether he will be able to open the window, but also requesting that he do so. Since the request is performed indirectly, by means of (directly) performing a question, it counts as an indirect speech act.

2.  Indirect speech acts are commonly used to reject proposals and to make requests. For example,

Marcella    :  "Would you like to meet me for coffee?"

Peter          : "I have class."

 The second speaker used an indirect speech act to reject the proposal. This is indirect because the literal meaning of "I have class" does not entail any sort of rejection.

3.   In connection with indirect speech acts, Searle introduces the notions of 'primary' and 'secondary' illocutionary acts. The primary illocutionary act is the indirect one, which is not literally performed. The secondary illocutionary act is the direct one, performed in the literal utterance of the sentence (Searle 178). In the example:

Speaker X: "We should leave for the show or else we’ll be late."

Speaker Y: "I am not ready yet."

Here the primary illocutionary act is Y's rejection of X's suggestion, and the secondary illocutionary act is Y's statement that she is not ready to leave. By dividing the illocutionary act into two subparts, Searle is able to explain that we can understand two meanings from the same utterance all the while knowing which the correct meaning to respond to

ABBREVIATION

From analysis above, we have the result that:

ü  Some suggestion will be show in all situations. In the course of performing speech acts we ordinarily communicate with each other. The content of communication may be identical, or almost identical, with the content intended to be communicated, as when a stranger asks, "What is your name?" the speaker can answer ,” Sorry!” if you answer the question with polite or “Why?” if the speaker want to know the purpose.

ü  When they speak, the actions and also the abbreviations may different between “directs” and “indirect”. In “direct” the answer is clear like: a stranger asks, "What is your name?" the speaker can answer,” and in “indirect” the response is like example above.

IV. CONCLUSION

Language used by human for daily communication varies based on this purpose, objective, and the social status. In addition, these conversations can enrich our knowledge, language and cultural understanding of the diversity of English language and cultures. From the sentence above the writer also conclude that discourse analysis in speech act (indirect) is interesting. They are different with response in direct speech and indirect speech.