WORD STRUCTURE

FILE KELOMPOK 3

MAKALAH

PPT

Note: sumber/referensi lebih baik fokus pada e-book yang sudah saya berikan di meeting ke 1. Karena penyajian materi lebih sedikit tetapi dalam. Jika di internet hanya informasi general. Untuk kelompok selanjutnya di teliti lagi makalah dan PPT nya.

WORD STRUCTURE

Word structure is one of the most important parts of language.  Without words, we will not be able to convey our ideas through language.  But, then the question is, what is a word?  Unlike "phonemes" and syllables which are only elements of sound, words, besides having a sound form, also have a meaning associated with them.  Also, unlike sentences, which are formed when needed, then disappear.  The word will be stored permanently in a speaker's mental dictionary (lexicon).  In other words, once a person learns both (the sound and their associated meaning) then, he will know the word and will fill the vocabulary in his memory.

 A person who doesn't know English will not know where a word should start and end, as in the saying "thecatsatonthemat".  He wouldn't know where to put the distance between one word and another.  Without a clear knowledge of a language, someone will not be able to do that or say how many words are in the expression.  On the other hand, an English speaker will have no trouble dividing the phrase word by word;  the, cat, sat, on, the, mat.

            Since each word is a sound-meaning unit, each word stored in a "mental dictionary" must be organized with a sound description, which determines the sound and its meaning.  Besides that, each word also has a description of other information;  whether it is a noun, work, adverb, nature and so on, which describes the grammatical category or structure of the clan.  If we had not had this understanding in our minds, then of course we would not have known what the grammatically correct form of the word, which would distinguish between a grammatically correct word and one that is not.

                In the word structure there are three kind of word structure:

1. Simpe word à consists of one word and has meaning.

Example : dog, flower, cat, ect

2. Compound word à a combination of several words that form a new word with different meanings.

Example : ice cream, high school, livingroom, ect

3. Complex word à consists of two or more morphemes.

Example : unhappyness, goodness, ext

MORPHEME

            Morpheme is the smallest unit of a language which has meaning and cannot be divided again

 Example:

 the word "UNBREAKABLE"

 "Unbreakable" consists of three morphemes, namely: un- (which can be interpreted as "not"), -break- (root word or free morpheme), and -able (can be interpreted as "Can be done or can be done").

 AFFIXES

            An affix is ​​a word element that can be added as a prefix, suffix, and infix to the base word (base / root) which is used to form a new word.

 Example:

 happy → unhappy

 order → preorder

 emotion → emotional

 Affixes are generally divided into three types, namely:

 Affixes that come before root are called prefixes

 The affix that comes after the root is called a suffix

 The affix that lies within the root is called the infix

 

 PREFIX

            Prefix (prefix) is a word or group of words that are located at the beginning of a word and form a new word and meaning that is different from the original word.

 Prefix is ​​usually used to show the negation or negative form of a word.

 A prefix can also be used to express a time, place, or way relationship.

 Example:

 Prefix |  meaning | example

 mid- |  middle |  midday, midnight, mid-October, etc.

 super- |  above, beyond | super-heroes, supermodels, etc.

 over- |  too much | overcook, overcharge, overrate, etc

 SUFFIX

            Suffix (suffix) is a word or group of words that are located at the end of a word and form a new word and meaning that is different from the original word.

 When a word is given a suffix (suffix), the word will experience a word class change.

 Example

 Suffix changes Spelling (spelling)

 1.) beauty, duty + -ful → beautiful, dutiful

 (-y changes to i)

 2.) heavy, ready + -ness → heaviness, readiness

 (-y changes to i)

 3.) able, possible + -ity → ability, possibility

 (-le changes to il)

 Noun Suffixes

 Changes the class of a word from a word to a noun (noun) by adding a suffix to the word.

 Suffix |  Example of Noun

 -ment |  amazement, disappointment, parliament

 -ship |  friendship, membership, workmanship

 -ry |  entry, ministry, robbery

 Adjective Suffixes

 Change the class of a word into an adjective by adding a suffix to it.

 Suffix |  Adjective Example

 -ful |  forgetful, helpful, useful

 -ive |  active, passive, productive

 -ly |  daily, monthly, yearly

 Verb Suffixes

 Changes the class of a word from a word to a verb (verb) by adding a suffix to the word.

 Suffix |  Example of Verb

 -ate |  complicate, dominate, irritate

 -en |  harden, soften, shorten

 -ify |  beautify, clarify, identify

 Adverb Suffixes

 Changes the class of a word from a word to an adverb (adverb) by adding a suffix to the word.

 Suffix |  Adverb example

 -ly |  calmly, easily, quickly

 -ward (s) |  downwards, homeward (s), upwards

 -wise |  anti-clockwise, clockwise, edgewise

 INFIX

            Infix (insert) is a word or group of words that are located in (middle) a word and form a new word and emphasize the meaning of the word. Infix is ​​usually used in informal situations (Informal).

 The Infix is ​​inserted before the syllable that is receiving the most stress, and cannot be inserted anywhere else in the word.

 Infix |  Example Words

 -s |  passers-by, mothers-in-law, cupsful, sons-in-law

 Example of sentences :

 - I was very unhappy with the service.

 - He begged her to reconsider but she would not.

 - Children are allowed much more freedom these days.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

 https://www.euppublishing.com/loi/word

 https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-affix-definition-examples.html#