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1. compound word
Compound word is a combination of words that
become a compound word so that it has a new meaning, if in a word it is
separated, it will not have the same meaning or have a different meaning. In this compound word, it has several kinds,
namely space or open compound word, closed or solid compound word and
hyphenated compound word. Of the three
types of compound words, we can see the difference through the way they are
written in a compound word.
a.
space or open compound word
space or open compound is a compound word in
which in writing a separate word, open compound word is a combination of nouns
and adjectives which will form a new word or have a new meaning.
example: living room, school bus, high school,
human rights, real estate
b.
closed or solid compound word
closed or compound word is a combination of a
word which in writing it is combined into one or not separately so that it will
have a new meaning and basically this closed compound word only consists of two
words.
example: notebook, bookstore, fireman,
football, volleyball, bodyguard
c.
hyphenated compound word
This hyphenated compound word is a word
combining in which the writing or combination of words has a hyphen like
"-" so that it becomes a new meaning, basically in this hyphenated
compound word consists of two or more words.
Example: sister-in-low, brother-in-low,
up-to-date, non-toxic, one-way, warm-up
However, in this hyphenated compound word it
can also change depending on its placement, if this hyphenated functions to
modify a noun, it will change position, then the hyphen is replaced with a
space.
Example:
up-to-date to be up to date
warm-up becomes warm-up
sister-in-low becomes sister in law
In compound words this is not always in the
form of a combination of noun + noun, there are several forms of combination of
compound words such as:
Noun + noun
raincoat, chairman, classroom
Noun + verb
proofread, sunset, heart-warming
Verb + noun
dining room, swimming pool, home made
Verb + verb
cross-check, caregiving, copywraiting,
hide-and-seek
Adjective + noun
blackboard, slow motion, on-site, grandmother
Adjective + verb
dry-cleaning, right-click, best buy, soft sell
2. Blends or blending words
Blends or blending words is a word formation
process that will produce new words where the word is formed from a combination
of two or more words, where the meaning of the new word is a combination of the
meanings or meanings of the original words.
Example:
- advertisement + intertainment =
advertainment
- biographical + picture = biopic
- guess + estimate = guesstimate
- breakfast + lunch = brunch
- chuckle + snort = chortle
- cybernetic + organism = cyborg
- spoon + fork = spork
So that we can see the meaning of blends or
blending words from some of the examples above so that at the basis of this
blends word is a combination of two words where the meaning of the word is a
combination of the meaning or meaning of the original words. Not only that, in blending words, there are
several formation or combination methods that can be used, such as:
a.
combining words from the beginning and end of the original word
example:
- breakfast and lunch that becomes brunch
- a spoon and fork that becomes a spork
- telephone and marathon which became telethon
b.
combining the initial words of the two words
example:
- biographical and picture becomes biopic
- Cybernetics and organisms become cyborgs
- hazardous and material becomes hazmat
c. a
word that can be combined based on how often or not the pronunciation of the
words is used and it sounds good to say
example:
- California and fornication into
californication
- Spanish and English become Spanglish
- motorbikes and hotels become motels
d.
Blending words can also be used from various sounds from the parts of
the two words, but still pay attention to the beauty of the pronunciation of
the word to be formed. In this type of
blending word, it is commonly used in public languages which tend to be
spelled spontaneously
example:
- lithe and slimy to be slithy
- chuckle and snort become chortles
The most important thing that deserves
attention when we use blending words is the lexical selection or word selection
by the speaker based on the meaning of the word. Blending word errors generally do not lie in
the pronunciation of the sound or the process of forming words but the meaning
of the same word so that when we are going to form a word, you should pay
attention to the meaning in the word so as not to make it difficult when
communicating both written and spoken
3. Phrasal word
Phrasal word is a combination of a word from a
verb with a particle, this particle can be in the form of a preposition or
adverb which will make the word a new meaning or a new meaning. Particles that we commonly use are in, on,
down, up, off, out, far, away, and into.
Example: get on, get off, act on, act out, add up, argue down, ask in
and others. There are several types of
phrasal words, such as:
a.
intransitive which means it cannot be followed by an object
example:
- it was raining heavily when the plane took
off (take off)
- he suddenly showed up (show up)
b.
transitive which means that objects can be followed
example:
- I think he made up the story
make up which means composing, the object is
the story
- I reminded him to pick up the children
quickly
pick up which means to pick up, the object is
the children
c.
separable means that the object can be placed between a verb and a
particle
example:
- she looked up the words in the dictionary,
or
she looked the words up in the dictionary
- I have to pick up my grandfather in the
airport, or
I have to pick my grandfather up in the
airport
It should be noted in this separable that if
the object is a personal pronoun like me, him, us and the like, then we cannot
put it after the preposition.
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